AGRONOMY
PRINCIPLES OF AGRONOMY
1. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture and Agronomy; History of Agriculture; Agricultural Science, Meaning of Agronomy; Content of
Agronomy; Scope of Agronomy
2. CLIMATE
Atmosphere; Structure of Atmosphere; Weather element and their effect on crop; Hydrologic Cycles;
Monsoon; Seasons; Abnormalities in Weather --- Floods, droughts, etc.; Weather forecasting; Forecasting
information, Types and methods of Weather forecasting.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF FIELD CROPS
All types of classification of field crops
4. TILLAGE
Objectives of tillage, Influence of tillage on soil physical properties; types of tillage; Preparatory cultivation,
after cultivation; Tillage implements --- Primary and Secondary tillage implements; Implements for layout of
seedbed and sowing and intercultivation; Tilth; Modern concepts of tillage; Puddling.
5. SEEDS AND SOWING
Introduction, characteristic of good quality seed; Selection of seed, seed production, vegetative propagation ;
Micro propagation, Types of Pure seed, other types of seed in agronomic use; Real value of seeds seed
dormancy. Viability of seeds, Seed treatment; Types of sowing; Direct sowing, transplanting: time of sowing/
planting; Depth of sowing.
6. PLANT POPULATION
Yield of individual plant and community; Plant population and growth, and yield, Biological and economic
yield, Optimum Plant population and environment, Factors affecting optimum plant population; Maintaining
optimum plant population, planting pattern, gap filling and resowing.
7. CROP ROTATION
Concepts, Reasons for crop rotation; Essentials of a good rotation, planning the rotation; Examples of good
rotation.
8. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Mineral nutrition – Essential elements, Functions of nutrients, Nutrient availability; Soil fertility and
productivity; Manures --- different types; Fertilizers: Classification, Micronutrients, Biofertilisers. Method
and time of Fertilizers application, Integrated nutrients management.
9. WATER MANAGEMENT
Importance of water, in crops. Soil-Plant atmosphere system, soil water, water requirement of crops, factors
influencing ET, ET and crop yield, irrigation requirement. Scheduling of irrigation, Method of irrigation;
measurement of irrigation water. Qualities of irrigation water; Drainage – excess water, Agricultural
drainage.
10. DRYLAND AGRICULTURE
Concept, Importance of dryland agriculture, problems of crop production in dryland. Moisture stress –
Development of moisture stress – Constraints associated with dryland agriculture, Management practices and
management techniques for dryland farming areas.
11. WEED MANAGEMENT
Concept, Weed problem, classification of weeds, crop weed competition, Establishment of weed, Weed
control measures; chemical weed control, classification of herbicides, Herbicides formulation, mode of
action, method, time and dosage of application, Effect of herbicides on crop, Fate in Soil, Interaction with
other agro-chemicals, Integrated weed management.
12. CROPPING SYSTEM
System approach, Efficient cropping system, Interactions between different component crops; Assessment of
yield advantage and land use, Economic evaluation, Management of cropping system.
PRINCIPLES OF AGRONOMY
1. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture and Agronomy; History of Agriculture; Agricultural Science, Meaning of Agronomy; Content of
Agronomy; Scope of Agronomy
2. CLIMATE
Atmosphere; Structure of Atmosphere; Weather element and their effect on crop; Hydrologic Cycles;
Monsoon; Seasons; Abnormalities in Weather --- Floods, droughts, etc.; Weather forecasting; Forecasting
information, Types and methods of Weather forecasting.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF FIELD CROPS
All types of classification of field crops
4. TILLAGE
Objectives of tillage, Influence of tillage on soil physical properties; types of tillage; Preparatory cultivation,
after cultivation; Tillage implements --- Primary and Secondary tillage implements; Implements for layout of
seedbed and sowing and intercultivation; Tilth; Modern concepts of tillage; Puddling.
5. SEEDS AND SOWING
Introduction, characteristic of good quality seed; Selection of seed, seed production, vegetative propagation ;
Micro propagation, Types of Pure seed, other types of seed in agronomic use; Real value of seeds seed
dormancy. Viability of seeds, Seed treatment; Types of sowing; Direct sowing, transplanting: time of sowing/
planting; Depth of sowing.
6. PLANT POPULATION
Yield of individual plant and community; Plant population and growth, and yield, Biological and economic
yield, Optimum Plant population and environment, Factors affecting optimum plant population; Maintaining
optimum plant population, planting pattern, gap filling and resowing.
7. CROP ROTATION
Concepts, Reasons for crop rotation; Essentials of a good rotation, planning the rotation; Examples of good
rotation.
8. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Mineral nutrition – Essential elements, Functions of nutrients, Nutrient availability; Soil fertility and
productivity; Manures --- different types; Fertilizers: Classification, Micronutrients, Biofertilisers. Method
and time of Fertilizers application, Integrated nutrients management.
9. WATER MANAGEMENT
Importance of water, in crops. Soil-Plant atmosphere system, soil water, water requirement of crops, factors
influencing ET, ET and crop yield, irrigation requirement. Scheduling of irrigation, Method of irrigation;
measurement of irrigation water. Qualities of irrigation water; Drainage – excess water, Agricultural
drainage.
10. DRYLAND AGRICULTURE
Concept, Importance of dryland agriculture, problems of crop production in dryland. Moisture stress –
Development of moisture stress – Constraints associated with dryland agriculture, Management practices and
management techniques for dryland farming areas.
11. WEED MANAGEMENT
Concept, Weed problem, classification of weeds, crop weed competition, Establishment of weed, Weed
control measures; chemical weed control, classification of herbicides, Herbicides formulation, mode of
action, method, time and dosage of application, Effect of herbicides on crop, Fate in Soil, Interaction with
other agro-chemicals, Integrated weed management.
12. CROPPING SYSTEM
System approach, Efficient cropping system, Interactions between different component crops; Assessment of
yield advantage and land use, Economic evaluation, Management of cropping system.
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